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Linux

https://cdimage.debian.org/debian-cd/current/amd64/bt-dvd/

http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu-cd/
http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/bionic-updates/main/installer-amd64/current/images/netboot/mini.iso ( Mirror only http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ , need proxy, local DNS not working )
Debug: Console 4 or /var/log/syslog

http://mirrors.huaweicloud.com https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn

https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/bash.html
url=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/fzinfz/scripts/master/init.sh # alias & functions
source /dev/stdin <<< "$(curl -sS $url)"
​
set
-x debug
-T If set, any traps on DEBUG and RETURN are inherited
-o functrace/errtrace
​
shopt [-pqsu] [-o] [optname …]
-s: Enable (set) each optname.
-u: Disable (unset) each optname.
​
shopt -s expand_aliases # when the shell is not interactive
alias foo='...'
​
0: stdin; 1: stdout; 2: stderr # File descriptor
2>&1 >/dev/null
&>/dev/null
ssh-add 2>/dev/null
https://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/bash.git/

ctrl+b x -> kill pane # /usr/share/doc/tmux/examples/screen-keys.conf
cat /usr/share/doc/tmux/examples/screen-keys.conf | grep '\bbind \w'

Level
Desc
0
Halt the system.
1
Single-user mode (for special administration).
2
Local Multiuser with Networking but without network service (like NFS)
3
Full Multiuser with Networking
4
Not Used
5
Full Multiuser with Networking and X Windows(GUI)
6
Reboot.
ls -R -l /etc/rc*
​
ls -l /usr/lib/systemd # check `systemd` page for more
ls -l /usr/share/upstart # last release 2014; 3 years ago
ls -l /etc/init.d # SysV init
​
cat /etc/modules-load.d/*
​
apt install systemd-sysv # make link: /sbin/init -> /lib/systemd/systemd

https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/html_node/Bash-Startup-Files.html
login shells：
/etc/profile
~/.bash_profile(?-> ~/.bashrc), ~/.bash_login, and ~/.profile
exit: ~/.bash_logout
​
non-login shells：
~/.bashrc
​
# echo $0 : `shopt login_shell` \| $-
-bash : login_shell on | himBHs
# bash
# echo $0 : `shopt login_shell` \| $-
bash : login_shell off | himBHs
# bash -c 'echo $0 : `shopt login_shell` \| $-'
bash : login_shell off | hBc

http://supervisord.org/running.html

http://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/exitcodes.html
1 Catchall for general errors
2 Misuse of shell builtins
126 Command invoked cannot execute
127 "command not found" illegal_command Possible problem with $PATH or a typo
128+n Fatal error signal "n"
kill -9 $PPID of script $? returns 137 (128 + 9)
130 Script terminated by Control-C

https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5424#section-6.2.1
0 Emergency: system is unusable
1 Alert: action must be taken immediately
2 Critical: critical conditions
3 Error: error conditions
4 Warning: warning conditions
5 Notice: normal but significant condition
6 Informational: informational messages
7 Debug: debug-level messages

kill -l
1) SIGHUP 2) SIGINT 3) SIGQUIT 4) SIGILL 5) SIGTRAP
6) SIGABRT 7) SIGBUS 8) SIGFPE 9) SIGKILL ... 64) SIGRTMAX

pkill -KILL -u {username}

* 1 - Single Cpu Off (thus multiple cpus)
* c - Command line Off (name, not cmdline)
* i - Idle tasks On (show all tasks)
j - Str align right Off (not right justify)
V - Forest view On (show as branches)
f - sort/hide columns
(`*') could be overridden through the command-line.

https://github.com/nicolargo/glances
pip install glances[action,browser,cloud,cpuinfo,chart,docker,export,folders,gpu,ip,raid,snmp,web,wifi]

sudo adduser foobar www-data
sudo usermod -a -G ftp tony

echo user:pwd | chpasswd

sudo visudo
root ALL=(ALL) ALL # {terminals}=({users}) {commands}
%supergroup ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL

chown -h myuser:mygroup mysymbolic

Free RHEL： https://developers.redhat.com/articles/no-cost-rhel-faq/
subscription-manager register
subscription-manager attach --auto
subscription-manager repos --enable rhel-7-server-optional-rpms
subscription-manager repos --enable rhel-7-server-extras-rpms
yum install epel-release
rm -f /var/run/yum.pid <PID> && yum remove PackageKit
​
yum-config-manager --disable c7-media
yum --nogpgcheck localinstall xx.rpm
​
### EPEL
http://elrepo.org/tiki/tiki-index.php
​
rpm --import https://www.elrepo.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-elrepo.org
rpm -Uvh http://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-7.0-3.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm
yum install yum-plugin-fastestmirror
yum --enablerepo=elrepo-kernel install kernel-ml

Main - Canonical-supported free and open-source software. Universe - Community-maintained free and open-source software. Restricted - Proprietary drivers for devices. Multiverse - Software restricted by copyright or legal issues.
# https://mirror.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/ubuntu/
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse

→ experimental → unstable(Sid) → testing → stable Unstable - repository where new & untested packages are introduced. Testing - repository with packages from unstable, if no bug are found within 10 days.
main consists of DFSG-compliant packages, which do not rely on software outside this area to operate. These are the only packages considered part of the Debian distribution. contrib packages contain DFSG-compliant software, but have dependencies not in main (possibly packaged for Debian in non-free). non-free contains software that does not comply with the DFSG.
deb http://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye main contrib non-free

deb http://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/debian/ experimental main contrib non-free
​
apt install -t experimental linux-image-amd64 # latest kernel

dpkg --get-selections # list installed
To install .deb manually, visit linux/kernel page.

apt-get install linux-base -t jessie-backports
apt-cache search linux-image | grep linux-image-4
apt install linux-image-4.10.0-9-generic linux-image-extra-4.10.0-9-generic
​
apt show linux-image-extra-4.10*
​
apt-get install --only-upgrade docker-engine
​
apt policy docker-ce | head -n 20
​
apt-get autoclean
apt list --installed
​
rm -r /var/lib/apt/lists/*

deb http://.../debian/ buster main contrib non-free
​
apt install openssh-server # not "openssl"
​
# fix： userauth_pubkey: key type ssh-rsa not in PubkeyAcceptedAlgorithms [preauth]
PubkeyAcceptedAlgorithms +ssh-rsa

grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
awk -F\' '/menuentry / {print $2}' /boot/grub/grub.cfg
grub2-set-default 'CentOS Linux (4.9.0-rc8-amd64) 7 (Core)'
grub2-editenv list

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:danielrichter2007/grub-customizer
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install grub-customizer

https://sourceforge.net/p/boot-repair-cd/home/Home/ apt install linux-image-* # if vmlinuz & initrd.img missing

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair && boot-repair

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SerialConsoleHowto
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="console=tty0 console=ttyS0,115200n8"

screen /dev/ttyUSB0 115200
picocom -b 115200 /dev/ttyUSB0

http://www.brendangregg.com/Perf/linux_benchmarking_tools.png
sysbench --test=cpu --cpu-max-prime=20000 --num-threads=32 run
​
wget http://www.numberworld.org/y-cruncher/y-cruncher%20v0.7.9.9510-static.tar.xz
tar -xf y-cruncher*.tar.xz

ssh -L 9000:public.com:80 # visit local:9000 -> public.com:80
ssh -R 9000:localhost:3000 # visit remote:9000 -> local:3000, "GatewayPorts yes" in sshd_config
-nNT -L ... # port forwarding only, no shell

wget -O diff_name.zip http://...

curl -O http://...
curl -o diff_name.zip http://
​
curl -sSL $1
​
-f, --fail Fail silently (no output at all) on HTTP errors (H)
-s, --silent Silent mode (don't output anything)
-S, --show-error Show error. With -s, make curl show errors when they occur
-L, --location Follow redirects (H)
-o, --output FILE Write to FILE instead of stdout
-O, --remote-name Write output to a file named as the remote file

String replace: http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/112023/how-can-i-replace-a-string-in-a-files
apt-get install mlocate
updatedb
locate -S
lsof -p <PID>
​
ls --help | grep -E '[-][tr]\b'
-r, --reverse reverse order while sorting
extension -X, size -S, time -t, version -v
-t sort by modification time, newest first
​
mkdir -p /not/existing/folder
​
cat > file <<'EOL'
EOL
​
ncdu --exclude='/root/data/*' /
​
du -hcd 2 / | more
du -a / | sort -n -r | head -n 20
​
ls -1 $PWD | wc -l # count files
​
file /bin/ps
ldd /bin/ps

find /home -iname tecmint.txt
find $1 -iname $2
# find . ! -readable / -writable / -executabl
# find . ! -perm -g=w
​
find -regextype posix-extended -regex ".*[.](py|sh)" -exec chmod +x {} \;

grep --color=auto -rn -P "${regex}" ${path}
# -r, --recursive like --directories=recurse
# -n, --line-number print line number with output lines
# -P, --perl-regexp PATTERN is a Perl regular expression

gunzip file.gz
​
tar -czvf name-of-archive.tar.gz /path/to/directory-or-file # Compress
​
tar -tvf my-data.tar.gz '*.py'
​
tar -zxvf toExtract.tar.gz
tar -xvf {tarball.tar} {special_file} -C /target/directory
​
tar -cf archive.tar foo bar # Create archive.tar from files foo and bar.
tar -tvf archive.tar # List all files in archive.tar verbosely.
tar -xf archive.tar # Extract all files from archive.tar.
-t, --list list the contents of an archive
-j, --bzip2 filter the archive through bzip2
-c, --create create a new archive
-x, --extract, --get extract files from an archive
-z, --gzip, --gunzip, --ungzip filter the archive through gzip
-v, --verbose verbosely list files processed
-f, --file=ARCHIVE use archive file or device ARCHIVE
​
zip [options] zipfile files_list
-r recurse into directories
-x exclude the following names
-v verbose operation/print version info
​
-m move into zipfile (delete OS files) !!
-d delete entries in zipfile !!!
-u update: only changed or new files
​
xz --decompress file.xz # -dgrub # unxz

rsync -aP -e "ssh -p $3" $1 [email protected]$2
​
rsync -aP /root/_bin [email protected]:/root
rsync -aP -e "ssh -p 10220" /local [email protected]:/dir --remove-source-files
-v, --verbose increase verbosity
-a, --archive archive mode; equals -rlptgoD (no -H,-A,-X)
--no-OPTION turn off an implied OPTION (e.g. --no-D)
-r, --recursive recurse into directories
-l, --links copy symlinks as symlinks
-p, --perms preserve permissions
-o, --owner preserve owner (super-user only)
-g, --group preserve group
-D same as --devices --specials
-t, --times preserve modification times
-S, --sparse handle sparse files efficiently
-e, --rsh=COMMAND specify the remote shell to use
--partial keep partially transferred files
--partial-dir=DIR put a partially transferred file into DIR
-z, --compress compress file data during the transfer
--progress show progress during transfer
-P same as --partial --progress

history | cut -c 8-
-a append history lines from this session to the history file ~/.bash_history

hostnamectl set-hostname GZ2C8G

apt-get install xfonts-base

getenforce
semanage port -a -t mongod_port_t -p tcp 27017

~/.dropbox-dist/dropboxd dropboxd will create a ~/Dropbox folder and start synchronizing it after this step! unlink: https://www.dropbox.com/account#security

run without root

vi /etc/environment
systemctl restart snapd

echo export JAVA_HOME="/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk" >> /etc/profile

apt install -y locales-all
locale -a
dpkg-reconfigure locales
​
yum grouplist chinese-support
​
sudo apt-get install -y ttf-wqy-microhei #文泉驿-微米黑
sudo apt-get install -y ttf-wqy-zenhei #文泉驿-正黑
sudo apt-get install -y xfonts-wqy #文泉驿-点阵宋体

chromium --no-sandbox # start as root

export http_proxy=http://proxy_ip:1080
export https_proxy=http://proxy_ip:1080
​
sudo apt install -y proxychains
vi /etc/proxychains.conf

https://wiki.samba.org/index.php/Setting_up_Samba_as_an_NT4_PDC_(Quick_Start)

https://hoytech.com/vmtouch/
git clone https://github.com/hoytech/vmtouch.git
cd vmtouch && make && sudo make install
​
Discovering which files your OS is caching
Telling the OS to cache or evict certain files or regions of files
Locking files into memory so the OS won't evict them
Preserving virtual memory profile when failing over servers
Keeping a "hot-standby" file-server
Plotting filesystem cache usage over time
Maintaining "soft quotas" of cache usage
Speeding up batch/cron jobs

ethtool enp1s0 | grep Wake-on
​
p (PHY activity)
u (unicast activity)
m (multicast activity)
b (broadcast activity)
g (magic packet activity) *
a (ARP activity)
d (disabled)

http://explainshell.com/

getconf LONG_BIT

https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/en/SSQPD3_2.6.0/com.ibm.wllm.doc/mappingcpustocore.html same physical/core ID =》 simultaneous multi threads (SMTs) / HT
cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep -P 'processor|physical id|core id|^#x27;
​
pip install walnut # pretty print
for c in sorted([ ( int(c['processor']), int(c['physical id']), int(c['core id']) ) for c in cpu.dict().values()]): print c

https://docs.kali.org/downloading/kali-linux-live-usb-persistence http://antix.mepis.org/index.php?title=Using_liveusb_with_persistence

x86/M1/Live/VM/WSL/etc: https://www.kali.org/get-kali Docker: https://hub.docker.com/u/kalilinux/

https://www.kali.org/tools/ screenshots/cheat sheet: https://www.comparitech.com/net-admin/kali-linux-cheat-sheet/#Kali_Linux_tools

https://askubuntu.com/questions/28033/how-to-check-the-information-of-current-installed-video-drivers
dpkg -l amdgpu-pro
glxinfo | grep direct
GALLIUM_HUD=help glxgears

installable client driver loader (ICD Loader) may expose multiple separate vendor installable client drivers (Vendor ICDs) for OpenCL.
sudo apt install ocl-icd-opencl-dev

device driver that supplements the Linux SCSI stack.
Could not load image

Could not load image

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/DisklessUbuntuHowto
https://drbl.org/
docker run --network=host -d leejoneshane/drbl-server
http://web.mst.edu/~vojtat/pegasus/administration.htm based on Scientific Linux 7 / CentOS 7 / Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
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